Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China (97 Revision) [Revised]

Chapter IV Crimes of Infringing Upon the Rights of the Person and the Democratic Rights of Citizens

第四章　侵犯公民人身权利、民主权利罪

Article 232. Whoever intentionally kills another is to be sentenced to death, life imprisonment or not less than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment; when the circumstances are relatively minor, he is to be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment.

        　　第二百三十二条　【故意杀人罪】故意杀人的，处死刑、无期徒刑或者十年以上有期徒刑；情节较轻的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。

Article 233. Whoever negligently causes the death of another is to be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment; when the circumstances are relatively minor, he is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment. Where this Law has other stipulations, matters are to be handled in accordance with such stipulations.

        　　第二百三十三条　【过失致人死亡罪】过失致人死亡的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑；情节较轻的，处三年以下有期徒刑。本法另有规定的，依照规定。

Article 234. Whoever intentionally injures the person of another is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or control.

Whoever commits the crime in the preceding paragraph and causes a person's serious injury is to be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment; if he causes a person's death or causes a person's serious deformity by badly injuring him with particularly ruthless means, he is to be sentenced to not less than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment, life imprisonment, or death. Where this Law has other stipulations, matters are to be handled in accordance with such stipulations.

        　　第二百三十四条　【故意伤害罪】故意伤害他人身体的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制。

犯前款罪，致人重伤的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑；致人死亡或者以特别残忍手段致人重伤造成严重残疾的，处十年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑。本法另有规定的，依照规定。

Article 235. Whoever negligently injures another and causes him serious injury is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention. Where this law has other stipulations, matters are to be handled in accordance with such stipulations.

        　　第二百三十五条　【过失致人重伤罪】过失伤害他人致人重伤的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。本法另有规定的，依照规定。

Article 236. Whoever, by violence, coercion or other means, rapes a woman is to be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment.

Whoever has sexual relations with a girl under the age of 14 is to be deemed to have committed rape and is to be given a heavier punishment.

Whoever rapes a woman or has sexual relations with a girl involving one of the following circumstances is to be sentenced to not less than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment, life imprisonment, or death:

        　　第二百三十六条　【强奸罪；奸淫幼女罪】以暴力、胁迫或者其他手段强奸妇女的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。

奸淫不满十四周岁的幼女的，以强奸论，从重处罚。

强奸妇女、奸淫幼女，有下列情形之一的，处十年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑：

(1) rape a woman or have sexual relations with a girl and when the circumstances are odious;

        （一）强奸妇女、奸淫幼女情节恶劣的；

(2) rape several women or have sexual relations with several girls;

        （二）强奸妇女、奸淫幼女多人的；

(3) rape a woman in a public place and in the public;

        （三）在公共场所当众强奸妇女的；

(4) rape a woman in turn with another or more persons;

        （四）二人以上轮奸的；

(5) cause the victim serious injury, death, or other serious consequences.

        （五）致使被害人重伤、死亡或者造成其他严重后果的。

Article 237. Whoever, by violence, coercion or other means, forces, molests, or humiliates a woman is to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention. Whoever assembles a crowd to commit the crimes described in the preceding paragraph, or commits such crimes in the public is to be sentenced to not less than five years of fixed-term imprisonment. Whoever molests a child is to be given a heavier punishment according to the stipulations in the two preceding paragraphs.

        　　第二百三十七条　【强制猥亵、侮辱妇女罪、猥亵儿童罪】以暴力、胁迫或者其他方法强制猥亵妇女或者侮辱妇女的，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

聚众或者在公共场所当众犯前款罪的，处五年以上有期徒刑。

猥亵儿童的，依照前两款的规定从重处罚。

Article 238. Whoever unlawfully detains another or deprives him of his freedom of the person by any other means is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed- term imprisonment, criminal detention, control, or deprivation of political rights. In circumstances where beating or humiliation are involved, a heavier punishment is to be given.

Whoever commits one of the crimes in the preceding paragraph and causes a person's serious injury is to be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment; when he causes a person's death, he is to be sentenced to not less than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment; when he causes a person disability or death by violent means, he is to be punished in according with the stipulations in Article 234 and Article 232 of this law.

Whoever unlawfully detains or takes somebody into custody for the purpose of demanding the payment of a debt is to be given a punishment in accordance with the stipulations stated in the two preceding paragraphs.

Where an employee of a state organ abuses his authority to commit any of the three aforementioned crimes, he is to receive a heavier punishment in accordance with the stipulations stated in the three preceding paragraphs.

        　　第二百三十八条　【非法拘禁罪】非法拘禁他人或者以其他方法非法剥夺他人人身自由的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利。具有殴打、侮辱情节的，从重处罚。

犯前款罪，致人重伤的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑；致人死亡的，处十年以上有期徒刑。使用暴力致人伤残、死亡的，依照本法第二百三十四条、第二百三十二条的规定定罪处罚。

为索取债务非法扣押、拘禁他人的，依照前两款的规定处罚。

国家机关工作人员利用职权犯前三款罪的，依照前三款的规定从重处罚。

Article 239. Those kidnapping others with the purpose of blackmailing or kidnapping others as hostages are to be sentenced to 10 years or more in prison or to be given life sentences, in addition to fines or confiscation of their property. Kidnappers causing the death of their hostages or killing their hostages are to be sentenced to death and their property confiscated.

Those stealing or robbing infants or babies for the purpose of blackmailing are to be punished according to stipulations in the above paragraph.

        　　第二百三十九条　【绑架罪】以勒索财物为目的绑架他人的，或者绑架他人作为人质的，处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑，并处罚金或者没收财产；致使被绑架人死亡或者杀害被绑架人的，处死刑，并处没收财产。

以勒索财物为目的偷盗婴幼儿的，依照前款的规定处罚。

Article 240. Those abducting and trafficking women or children are to be sentenced to 5 to 10 years in prison plus fine. Those falling into one or more of the following cases are to be sentenced to 10 years of more in prison or to be given life sentences, in addition to fines or confiscation of property. Those committing especially serious crimes are to be sentenced to death in addition to confiscation of property.

        　　第二百四十条　【拐卖妇女、儿童罪】拐卖妇女、儿童的，处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金；有下列情形之一的，处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑，并处罚金或者没收财产；情节特别严重的，处死刑，并处没收财产：

(1) Primary elements of rings engaging in abducting and trafficking women or children;

        （一）拐卖妇女、儿童集团的首要分子；

(2) those abducting and trafficking more than three women and/or children;

        （二）拐卖妇女、儿童三人以上的；

(3) those raping abducted women;

        （三）奸淫被拐卖的妇女的；

(4) those seducing, tricking, or forcing abducted women into prostitution, or those selling abducted women to others who in turn force them into prostitution;

        （四）诱骗、强迫被拐卖的妇女卖淫或者将被拐卖的妇女卖给他人迫使其卖淫的；

(5) those kidnapping women or children using force, coercion, or narcotics, for the purpose of selling them;

        （五）以出卖为目的，使用暴力、胁迫或者麻醉方法绑架妇女、儿童的；

(6) those stealing or robbing infants or babies for the purpose of selling them;

        （六）以出卖为目的，偷盗婴幼儿的；

(7) those causing abducted women or children, or their family members, to serious injuries or death, or causing other grave consequences;

        （七）造成被拐卖的妇女、儿童或者其亲属重伤、死亡或者其他严重后果的；

(8) those selling abducted women or children to outside the country.

Abducting and trafficking women or children refers to abducting, kidnapping, buying, selling, transporting, or transshipping women or children.

        （八）将妇女、儿童卖往境外的。

拐卖妇女、儿童是指以出卖为目的，有拐骗、绑架、收买、贩卖、接送、中转妇女、儿童的行为之一的。

Article 241. Those buying abducted women or children are to be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison, or put under criminal detention or surveillance.

Those buying abducted women and forcing them to have sex with them are to be convicted and punished according to stipulations of article 236.

Those buying abducted women or children and illegally depriving them of or restricting their physical freedom, or injuring or insulting them, are to be convicted and punished according to relevant stipulations of this law. Those buying abducted women or children and committing crimes stipulated in paragraphs two and three of this article are to be punished for committing more than one crime.

Those buying and selling abducted women or children are to be convicted and punished according to article 240 of this law.

Those buying abducted women or children but not obstructing bought women from returning to their original residence in accordance with their wishes, or not abusing bought children and not obstructing efforts to rescue them, may not be investigated for their criminal liability.

        　　第二百四十一条　【收买被拐卖的妇女、儿童罪；强奸罪；非法拘禁罪；故意伤害罪；侮辱罪；拐卖妇女、儿童罪】收买被拐卖的妇女、儿童的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制。

收买被拐卖的妇女，强行与其发生性关系的，依照本法第二百三十六条的规定定罪处罚。

收买被拐卖的妇女、儿童，非法剥夺、限制其人身自由或者有伤害、侮辱等犯罪行为的，依照本法的有关规定定罪处罚。

收买被拐卖的妇女、儿童，并有第二款、第三款规定的犯罪行为的，依照数罪并罚的规定处罚。

收买被拐卖的妇女、儿童又出卖的，依照本法第二百四十条的规定定罪处罚。

收买被拐卖的妇女、儿童，按照被买妇女的意愿，不阻碍其返回原居住地的，对被买儿童没有虐待行为，不阻碍对其进行解救的，可以不追究刑事责任。

Article 242. Those using force or coercion to obstruct workers of state organs from rescuing bought women or children are to be convicted and punished according to article 277 of this law.

Primary elements who lead other people to obstruct workers of state organs from rescuing bought women or children are to be sentenced to five years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention. Other elements who use force or coercion are to be punished according to paragraph one of this article.

        　　第二百四十二条　【妨害公务罪；聚众阻碍解救被收买的妇女、儿童罪】以暴力、威胁方法阻碍国家机关工作人员解救被收买的妇女、儿童的，依照本法第二百七十七条的规定定罪处罚。

聚众阻碍国家机关工作人员解救被收买的妇女、儿童的首要分子，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；其他参与者使用暴力、威胁方法的，依照前款的规定处罚。

Article 243. Those fabricating stories to frame others or in an attempt to subject others to criminal investigation, if the case is serious, are to be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison, or put under criminal detention or surveillance. Those causing serious consequences are to be

sentenced to three to 10 years in prison. Workers of state organs committing crimes stipulated in the above paragraph are to be severely punished.

Stipulations in the above two paragraphs do not apply to those who do not deliberately frame others but accuse others by mistake, or who report others' crimes not conforming to the facts.

        　　第二百四十三条　【诬告陷害罪】捏造事实诬告陷害他人，意图使他人受刑事追究，情节严重的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制；造成严重后果的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。

国家机关工作人员犯前款罪的，从重处罚。

不是有意诬陷，而是错告，或者检举失实的，不适用前两款的规定。

Article 244. Persons of employing units who are directly responsible for forcing workers to labor by restricting their physical freedom in violation of labor management laws and regulations are to be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention, in addition to fine, or are to be fined.

        　　第二百四十四条　【强迫职工劳动罪】用人单位违反劳动管理法规，以限制人身自由方法强迫职工劳动，情节严重的，对直接责任人员，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役，并处或者单处罚金。

Article 245. Those illegally physically searching others or illegally searching others' residences, or those illegally intruding into others' residences, are to be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison, or put under criminal detention.

Judicial workers committing crimes stipulated in the above paragraph by abusing their authority are to be severely punished.

        　　第二百四十五条　【非法搜查罪、非法侵入住宅罪】非法搜查他人身体、住宅，或者非法侵入他人住宅的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

司法工作人员滥用职权，犯前款罪的，从重处罚。

Article 246. Those openly insulting others using force or other methods or those fabricating stories to slander others, if the case is serious, are to be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison, put under criminal detention or surveillance, or deprived of their political rights.

Those committing crimes mentioned above are to be investigated only if they are sued, with the exception of cases that seriously undermine social order or the state's interests.

        　　第二百四十六条　【侮辱罪、诽谤罪】以暴力或者其他方法公然侮辱他人或者捏造事实诽谤他人，情节严重的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利。

前款罪，告诉的才处理，但是严重危害社会秩序和国家利益的除外。

Article 247. Judicial workers who extort a confession from criminal suspects or defendants by torture, or who use force to extract testimony from witnesses, are to be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention. Those causing injuries to others, physical disablement, or death, are to be convicted and severely punished according to articles 234 and 232 of this law.

        　　第二百四十七条　【刑讯逼供罪、暴力取证罪】司法工作人员对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人实行刑讯逼供或者使用暴力逼取证人证言的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。致人伤残、死亡的，依照本法第二百三十四条、第二百三十二条的规定定罪从重处罚。

Article 248. Supervisory and management personnel of prisons, detention centers, and other guard houses who beat or physically abuse their inmates, if the case is serious, are to be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention. If the case is especially serious, they are to be sentenced to three to 10 years in prison.

Those causing injuries to injuries, physical disablement, or death, are to be convicted and severely punished according to article 234 and 232 of this law.

Supervisory and management personnel who order inmates to beat or physically abuse other inmates are to be punished according to stipulations in the above paragraph.

        　　第二百四十八条　【虐待被监管人罪】监狱、拘留所、看守所等监管机构的监管人员对被监管人进行殴打或者体罚虐待，情节严重的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；情节特别严重的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。致人伤残、死亡的，依照本法第二百三十四条、第二百三十二条的规定定罪从重处罚。

监管人员指使被监管人殴打或者体罚虐待其他被监管人的，依照前款的规定处罚。

Article 249. Those provoking ethnic hatred or discrimination, if the case is serious, are to be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison, put under criminal detention or surveillance, or deprived of their political rights. If the case is especially serious, they are to be sentenced to three to 10 years in prison.

        　　第二百四十九条　【煽动民族仇恨、民族歧视罪】煽动民族仇恨、民族歧视，情节严重的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利；情节特别严重的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。

Article 250. Persons directly responsible for publishing materials that discriminate or insult minority nationalities, if the case is serious and results in grave consequences, are to be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison, or put under criminal detention or surveillance.

        　　第二百五十条　【出版歧视、侮辱少数民族作品罪】在出版物中刊载歧视、侮辱少数民族的内容，情节恶劣，造成严重后果的，对直接责任人员，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制。

Article 251. Workers of state organs who illegally deprive citizens' right to religious beliefs or who encroach on minority nationalities' customs or habits, if the case is serious, are to be sentenced to two years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention.

        　　第二百五十一条　【非法剥夺公民宗教信仰自由罪、侵犯少数民族风俗习惯罪】国家机关工作人员非法剥夺公民的宗教信仰自由和侵犯少数民族风俗习惯，情节严重的，处二年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

Article 252. Those infringing upon the citizens right of communication freedom by hiding, destroying, or illegally opening others' letters, if the case is serious, are to be sentenced to one year or less in prison or put under criminal detention.

        　　第二百五十二条　【侵犯通信自由罪】隐匿、毁弃或者非法开拆他人信件，侵犯公民通信自由权利，情节严重的，处一年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

Article 253. Postal workers who open, hide, or destroy mail or telegrams without authorization are to be sentenced to two years or less in prison or put under criminal detention.

Those committing crimes stipulated in the above paragraph and stealing money or other articles are to be convicted and severely punished according to article 264 of this law.

        　　第二百五十三条　【私自开拆、隐匿、毁弃邮件、电报罪；盗窃罪】邮政工作人员私自开拆或者隐匿、毁弃邮件、电报的，处二年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

犯前款罪而窃取财物的，依照本法第二百六十四条的规定定罪从重处罚。

Article 254. Workers of state organs who abuse their authority by retaliating against or framing accusers, petitioners, criticizers, or informants, in the name of conducting official business, are to be sentenced to two years or less in prison or put under criminal detention. If the case is serious, they are to be sentenced to two to seven years in prison.

        　　第二百五十四条　【报复陷害罪】国家机关工作人员滥用职权、假公济私，对控告人、申诉人、批评人、举报人实行报复陷害的，处二年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；情节严重的，处二年以上七年以下有期徒刑。

Article 255. Leaders of companies, enterprises, institutions, offices, or other organizations who persecute and retaliate against accountants or statisticians who perform their duty according to law and boycott acts that violate the accounting and statistics law, if the case is serious, are to be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention.

        　　第二百五十五条　【打击报复会计、统计人员罪】公司、企业、事业单位、机关、团体的领导人，对依法履行职责、抵制违反会计法、统计法行为的会计、统计人员实行打击报复，情节恶劣的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

Article 256. In electing deputies to the people's congresses at all levels or leaders of state organs, those who undermine the elections or obstruct voters and deputies from freely exercising their right to vote or be elected by using force, coercion, deception, bribe; by falsifying election documents; by making a false report on the numbers of ballots; or by using other means, if the case is serious, are to be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison, put under criminal detention, or deprived of their political rights.

        　　第二百五十六条　【破坏选举罪】在选举各级人民代表大会代表和国家机关领导人员时，以暴力、威胁、欺骗、贿赂、伪造选举文件、虚报选举票数等手段破坏选举或者妨害选民和代表自由行使选举权和被选举权，情节严重的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者剥夺政治权利。

Article 257. Those using force to interfere in others' freedom of marriage are to be sentenced to two years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention.

Those committing crimes stipulated in the above paragraph and causing others to die are to be sentenced to two to seven years in prison.

Those committing crimes stipulated in the first paragraph of this article are to be investigated only if they are sued.

        　　第二百五十七条　【暴力干涉婚姻自由罪】以暴力干涉他人婚姻自由的，处二年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

犯前款罪，致使被害人死亡的，处二年以上七年以下有期徒刑。

第一款罪，告诉的才处理。

Article 258. Those who have a spouse and get married again, or who marry someone whom they know has a spouse, are to be sentenced to two years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention.

        　　第二百五十八条　【重婚罪】有配偶而重婚的，或者明知他人有配偶而与之结婚的，处二年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

Article 259. Those who live together with or marry someone whom they know is the spouse of an active duty service member are to be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention.

Those who use their authority or subordinate relationship to seduce the wives of active duty servicemen for illicit sexual relations by resorting to coercion are to be convicted and punished according to article 236 of this law.

        　　第二百五十九条　【破坏军婚罪；强奸罪】明知是现役军人的配偶而与之同居或者结婚的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

利用职权、从属关系，以胁迫手段奸淫现役军人的妻子的，依照本法第二百三十六条的规定定罪处罚。

Article 260. Those mistreating their family members, if the case is serious, are to be sentenced to two years or less in prison, or put under criminal detention or surveillance.

Those committing crimes stipulated in the above paragraph and causing the victims to severe injuries or death are to be sentenced to two to seven years in prison.

Those committing crime stipulated in the first paragraph of this article are to be investigated only if they are sued.

        　　第二百六十条　【虐待罪】虐待家庭成员，情节恶劣的，处二年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制。

犯前款罪，致使被害人重伤、死亡的，处二年以上七年以下有期徒刑。

第一款罪，告诉的才处理。

Article 261. Those who have the obligation but refuse to support those who are aged, young, sick, or do not have the ability to live independently, if the case is serious, are to be sentenced to five years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention or surveillance.

        　　第二百六十一条　【遗弃罪】对于年老、年幼、患病或者其他没有独立生活能力的人，负有扶养义务而拒绝扶养，情节恶劣的，处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制。

Article 262. Those abducting minors under 14 years of age from their family or guardians are to be sentenced to five years or less in prison or put under criminal detention.

        　　第二百六十二条　【拐骗儿童罪】拐骗不满十四周岁的未成年人，脱离家庭或者监护人的，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

Chapter V The Crime of Encroaching on Property

第五章　侵犯财产罪

Article 263. Those robbing public or private property using force, coercion, or other methods are to be sentenced to three to 10 years in prison in addition to fine. Those falling in one or more of the following cases are to be sentenced to 10 years or more in prison, given life sentences, or sentenced to death, in addition to fines or confiscation of property:

        　　第二百六十三条　【抢劫罪】以暴力、胁迫或者其他方法抢劫公私财物的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金；有下列情形之一的，处十年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑，并处罚金或者没收财产：

(1) those intruding into others' houses to rob;

        （一）入户抢劫的；

(2) those committing robbery on public transportation vehicles;

        （二）在公共交通工具上抢劫的；

(3) those robbing banks or other financial institutions;

        （三）抢劫银行或者其他金融机构的；

(4) those committing several robberies or robbing large amounts of money or other properties;

        （四）多次抢劫或者抢劫数额巨大的；

(5) those causing serious injuries to or death while robbing;

        （五）抢劫致人重伤、死亡的；

(6) those committing robbery posing as servicemen or policemen;

        （六）冒充军警人员抢劫的；

(7) those committing robbery using guns;

        （七）持枪抢劫的；

(8) those robbing materials for military use, or materials for fighting disasters or relieving disaster victims.

        （八）抢劫军用物资或者抢险、救灾、救济物资的。

Article 264. Those who steal relatively large amounts of public or private property and money or have committed several thefts are to be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention or surveillance, in addition to fines; or are to be fined. Those stealing large amounts of property and money or involving in other serious cases are to be sentenced to three to 10 years in prison, in addition to fines. Those stealing extraordinarily large amounts of property and money or involving in especially serious cases are to be sentenced to 10 years or more in prison or given life sentences, in addition to fines or confiscation of property. Those falling in one or more of the following cases are to be given life sentence or sentenced to death, in addition to confiscation of property:

        　　第二百六十四条　【盗窃罪】盗窃公私财物，数额较大或者多次盗窃的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制，并处或者单处罚金；数额巨大或者有其他严重情节的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金；数额特别巨大或者有其他特别严重情节的，处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑，并处罚金或者没收财产；有下列情形之一的，处无期徒刑或者死刑，并处没收财产：

(1) Those stealing extraordinarily large amounts of money and property from financial institutions;

        （一）盗窃金融机构，数额特别巨大的；

(2) those committing serious thefts of precious cultural relics.

        （二）盗窃珍贵文物，情节严重的。

Article 265. Those stealing others' communication lines or reproducing others' telecommunication codes for the purpose of making profits, or those using telecommunication equipment or facilities knowing that they are stolen or reproduced are to be convicted and punished according to article 264 of this law.

        　　第二百六十五条　【盗窃罪】以牟利为目的，盗接他人通信线路、复制他人电信码号或者明知是盗接、复制的电信设备、设施而使用的，依照本法第二百六十四条的规定定罪处罚。

Article 266. Those defrauding relatively large amounts of public or private money and property are to be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention or surveillance, in addition to fines; or are to be fined. Those defrauding large amounts of money and property or having involvement in other serious cases are to be sentenced to three to 10 years in prison, in addition to fines. Those defrauding extraordinarily large amounts of money and property or involving in especially serious cases are to be sentenced to 10 years or more in prisonor given life sentences, in addition to fines or confiscation of property.

If cases are governed by other stipulations of this law, those stipulationsshall apply.

        　　第二百六十六条　【诈骗罪】诈骗公私财物，数额较大的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制，并处或者单处罚金；数额巨大或者有其他严重情节的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金；数额特别巨大或者有其他特别严重情节的，处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑，并处罚金或者没收财产。本法另有规定的，依照规定。

Article 267. Whoever seizes public and private property, and the amountinvolved is quite large, is to be sentenced to not more than three years offixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or control; and may also besentenced to a fine, additionally or exclusively. When the amount involvedis huge and the other circumstances are serious, the sentence is to be notless than three years but not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonmentin addition to a fine. When the amount involved is particularly huge andthe other circumstances are particularly serious, the sentence is to be notless than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment, or life imprisonment, inaddition to a fine or confiscation of property.

Whoever commits the crime with a lethal weapon is to be convicted andpunished according to the regulations in Article 263 of this law.

        　　第二百六十七条　【抢夺罪；抢劫罪】抢夺公私财物，数额较大的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制，并处或者单处罚金；数额巨大或者有其他严重情节的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金；数额特别巨大或者有其他特别严重情节的，处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑，并处罚金或者没收财产。

携带凶器抢夺的，依照本法第二百六十三条的规定定罪处罚。

Article 268. In cases where a crowd is assembled to seize public ofprivate property, and the amount involved is quite large and the other circumstances are serious, ringleaders and other active participants are tobe sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment,criminal detention or control, in addition to a fine; and the sentence is to be not less than three years and not more than 10 years, in addition to a fine, when the amount involved is huge and the other circumstances are particularly serious.

        　　第二百六十八条　【聚众哄抢罪】聚众哄抢公私财物，数额较大或者有其他严重情节的，对首要分子和积极参加的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制，并处罚金；数额巨大或者有其他特别严重情节的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金。

Article 269. Whoever commits the crimes of theft, fraud, or forcible seizure, and uses violence, or threats to use violence, at the scene in order to conceal booty, resist arrest or destroy criminal evidence, is to be convicted and punished in accordance with Article 263 of this Law.

        　　第二百六十九条　【抢劫罪】犯盗窃、诈骗、抢夺罪，为窝藏赃物、抗拒抓捕或者毁灭罪证而当场使用暴力或者以暴力相威胁的，依照本法第二百六十三条的规定定罪处罚。

Article 270. Whoever illegally takes over another person's property in the latter's custody, and the amount involved is relatively large, and refuses to return it, is to be sentenced to not more than two years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or a fine; when the amount involved is huge and the other circumstances are serious, the sentence is to be not less than two years but not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment, in addition to a fine.

Whoever illegally takes over someone's property which the latter forgets to pick up, or the property someone had buried, and the amount involved is relatively large, and refuses to return it, is to be punished according to the preceding paragraph.

The crimes in this article will not be prosecuted unless a complaint is filed.

        　　第二百七十条　【侵占罪】将代为保管的他人财物非法占为己有，数额较大，拒不退还的，处二年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者罚金；数额巨大或者有其他严重情节的，处二年以上五年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金。

将他人的遗忘物或者埋藏物非法占为己有，数额较大，拒不交出的，依照前款的规定处罚。

本条罪，告诉的才处理。

Article 271. In cases where a person of a company, enterprise, or any unit, takes over the unit's property by taking advantage of his office, and the amount involved in quite large, he is to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment, or criminal detention; when the amount involved is huge, the sentence is to be not less than five years, and may be in addition to confiscation of property. When personnel engage in public service in state-owned corporations, enterprises, or other state-owned units; or when personnel of these corporations, enterprises and units assigned to engage in public service in nonstate-owned corporations, enterprises, or other units themselves as stated in the preceding paragraph, they are to be convicted and punished according to regulations in Articles 382 and 383 of this law.

        　　第二百七十一条　【职务侵占罪；贪污罪】公司、企业或者其他单位的人员，利用职务上的便利，将本单位财物非法占为己有，数额较大的，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；数额巨大的，处五年以上有期徒刑，可以并处没收财产。

国有公司、企业或者其他国有单位中从事公务的人员和国有公司、企业或者其他国有单位委派到非国有公司、企业以及其他单位从事公务的人员有前款行为的，依照本法第三百八十二条、第三百八十三条的规定定罪处罚。

Article 272. When personnel of companies, enterprises, and other units, who take advantage of their offices to misappropriate their units' funds for their own use or for lending to others, and the amounts involved are relatively large and have not been returned for a period of over three months; or, when the period is shorter than three months but the amounts involved are quite large and the money is used for unlawful profit-making activities, they are to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention; those who misappropriate huge amounts of their units' funds, or those whose misappropriations are large and who refuse to return them are to be sentenced to not less than three years but not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment.

Personnel engaged in public service in state-owned corporations, enterprises and other state-owned units, and personnel state-owned corporations, enterprises and other state-owned units assigned to engage in public service at nonstate-owned corporations, enterprises and other units as stated in the preceding paragraph are to be convicted and punished according to the regulations in Article 384 of this Law.

        　　第二百七十二条　【挪用资金罪；挪用公款罪】公司、企业或者其他单位的工作人员，利用职务上的便利，挪用本单位资金归个人使用或者借贷给他人，数额较大、超过三个月未还的，或者虽未超过三个月，但数额较大、进行营利活动的，或者进行非法活动的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；挪用本单位资金数额巨大的，或者数额较大不退还的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。

国有公司、企业或者其他国有单位中从事公务的人员和国有公司、企业或者其他国有单位委派到非国有公司、企业以及其他单位从事公务的人员有前款行为的，依照本法第三百八十四条的规定定罪处罚。

Article 273. Those directly responsible for misappropriating state fundsand materials allocated for disaster relief, emergencies, flood control,allowances for disabled servicemen and the families of revolutionary martyrs and servicemen, aid-the-poor programs, resettlement, and socialrelief, when the circumstances are serious and have caused major damage to the interests of the state and the people, are to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-termed imprisonment or criminal detention; when the circumstances are particularly serious, the sentence is to be not less than three years but not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment.

        　　第二百七十三条　【挪用特定款物罪】挪用用于救灾、抢险、防汛、优抚、扶贫、移民、救济款物，情节严重，致使国家和人民群众利益遭受重大损害的，对直接责任人员，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；情节特别严重的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。

Article 274. Whoever extorts public or private property by blackmail, andthe amount involved is quite large, is to be sentenced to not more thanthree years of fixed-termed imprisonment, criminal detention, or control;when the amount involved is huge and the other circumstances are serious,the sentence is to be not less than three years but not more than 10 yearsof fixed-term imprisonment.

        　　第二百七十四条　【敲诈勒索罪】敲诈勒索公私财物，数额较大的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制；数额巨大或者有其他严重情节的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。

Article 275. Whoever intentionally destroys public or private property and the amount involved is quite large and the other circumstances are serious is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-termimprisonment, criminal detention, or a sentence of a fine; when the amount involved is huge and the other circumstances are particularly serious, the sentence is to be not less than three years but not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment.

        　　第二百七十五条　【故意毁坏财物罪】故意毁坏公私财物，数额较大或者有其他严重情节的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者罚金；数额巨大或者有其他特别严重情节的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。

Article 276. Whoever destroys machinery or equipment, cruelly injures or slaughters draft animals, or uses other means to sabotage production or operation, with the purpose of giving vent to spite, seeking revenge, or for other personal motives, is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or control; when the circumstance is serious, the sentence is to be not less than three years but not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment.

        　　第二百七十六条　【破坏生产经营罪】由于泄愤报复或者其他个人目的，毁坏机器设备、残害耕畜或者以其他方法破坏生产经营的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制；情节严重的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。

Chapter VI Crimes of Disrupting the Order of Social Administration

第六章　妨害社会管理秩序罪

Section 1. Crimes of Disrupting Public Order

第一节　扰乱公共秩序罪

Article 277. Whoever uses violence or threat to obstruct state personnel from discharging their duties is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or control; or a sentence of a fine.

Whoever uses violence or threats to obstruct National People's Congress deputies, or local people's congress deputies, from discharging their lawful deputy duties is to be punished according to the preceding paragraph.

Whoever, in the event of a natural disaster or an emergency, uses violence or threats to obstruct Red Cross personnel from discharging their lawful responsibilities is to be punished according to the first paragraph. Whoever intentionally obstructs the state's security or public security organs from carrying out their security assignments, and has caused serious consequences even though no violence or threat is used is to be punished according to the first paragraph.

        　　第二百七十七条　【妨害公务罪】以暴力、威胁方法阻碍国家机关工作人员依法执行职务的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者罚金。

以暴力、威胁方法阻碍全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会代表依法执行代表职务的，依照前款的规定处罚。

在自然灾害和突发事件中，以暴力、威胁方法阻碍红十字会工作人员依法履行职责的，依照第一款的规定处罚。

故意阻碍国家安全机关、公安机关依法执行国家安全工作任务，未使用暴力、威胁方法，造成严重后果的，依照第一款的规定处罚。

Article 278. Whoever instigates the masses to use violence to resist the enforcement of state laws and administrative regulations is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, control, or deprivation of political rights; when serious consequences have been caused, the sentence is to be not less than three years but not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment.

        　　第二百七十八条　【煽动暴力抗拒法律实施罪】煽动群众暴力抗拒国家法律、行政法规实施的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利；造成严重后果的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。

Article 279. Whoever poses as state organ personnel to cheat and bluff is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, control, or deprivation of political rights; when the circumstances are serious, the sentence is to be not less than three years but not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment.

Whoever poses as a people's police to cheat and bluff is to be heavily punished in accordance with the preceding paragraph.

        　　第二百七十九条　【招摇撞骗罪】冒充国家机关工作人员招摇撞骗的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利；情节严重的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。

冒充人民警察招摇撞骗的，依照前款的规定从重处罚。

Article 280. Whoever forges, alters, trades, steals, forcibly seizes or destroys officials documents, certificates, or seals of state organs is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment; when the circumstances are serious, the sentence is to be no less than three years but not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment. Whoever forges seals of corporations, enterprises, institutions, or people's organizations is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, control, or deprivation of political rights .

Whoever forges or alters citizens' identification cards is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed- term imprisonment, criminal detention, control, or deprivation of political rights; when the circumstances are serious, the sentence is to be no less than three years but not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment.

        　　第二百八十条　【伪造、变造、买卖国家机关公文、证件、印章罪；盗窃、抢夺、毁灭国家机关公文、证件、印章罪；伪造公司、企业、事业单位、人民团体印章罪；伪造、变造居民身份证罪】伪造、变造、买卖或者盗窃、抢夺、毁灭国家机关的公文、证件、印章的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利；情节严重的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。

伪造公司、企业、事业单位、人民团体的印章的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利。

伪造、变造居民身份证的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利；情节严重的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。

Article 281. Whoever illegally produces, purchases or sells standard police uniforms, license plates of motor vehicles, or other special signs, police tools, and the consequences are serious, is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or control; and may also be sentenced to a fine, additionally or exclusively.

When a unit commits the crimes stated in the preceding paragraph, the unit is to be fined, and its persons in charge and other who are directly responsible are to be punished according to the regulations in the preceding paragraph.

        　　第二百八十一条　【非法生产、买卖警用装备罪】非法生产、买卖人民警察制式服装、车辆号牌等专用标志、警械，情节严重的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制，并处或者单处罚金。

单位犯前款罪的，对单位判处罚金，并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，依照前款的规定处罚。

Article 282. Whoever illegally acquires state secrets by stealing, secretly gathering, and purchasing is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, control, or deprivation of political rights; when the circumstances are serious, the sentence is to be not less than three years but not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment.

Whoever possesses documents, information, or other articles which are top secret or classified information of the state, and refuses to state their origins or use, is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or control.

        　　第二百八十二条　【非法获取国家秘密罪；非法持有国家绝密、机密文件、资料、物品罪】以窃取、刺探、收买方法，非法获取国家秘密的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利；情节严重的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。

非法持有属于国家绝密、机密的文件、资料或者其他物品，拒不说明来源与用途的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制。

Article 283. Whoever illegal produces and sells monitoring, photographing or other special espionage equipment is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or control.

        　　第二百八十三条　【非法生产、销售间谍专用器材罪】非法生产、销售窃听、窃照等专用间谍器材的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制。

Article 284. Whoever illegally uses special monitoring or photographing equipment and causes grave consequences is to be sentenced to not more than two years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or control.

        　　第二百八十四条　【非法使用窃听、窃照专用器材罪】非法使用窃听、窃照专用器材，造成严重后果的，处二年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制。

Article 285. Whoever violates state regulations and intrudes into computer systems with information concerning state affairs, construction of defense facilities, and sophisticated science and technology is be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention.

        　　第二百八十五条　【非法侵入计算机信息系统罪】违反国家规定，侵入国家事务、国防建设、尖端科学技术领域的计算机信息系统的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

Article 286. Whoever violates states regulations and deletes, alters, adds, and interferes in computer information systems, causing abnormal operations of the systems and grave consequences, is to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention; when the consequences are particularly serious, the sentence is to be not less than five years of fixed-term imprisonment.

Whoever violates state regulations and deletes, alters, or adds the data or application programs installed in or processed and transmitted by the computer systems, and causes grave consequences, is to be punished according to the preceding paragraph.

Whoever deliberately creates and propagates computer virus and other programs which sabotage the normal operation of the computer system and cause grave consequences is to be punished according to the first paragraph.

        　　第二百八十六条　【破坏计算机信息系统罪】违反国家规定，对计算机信息系统功能进行删除、修改、增加、干扰，造成计算机信息系统不能正常运行，后果严重的，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；后果特别严重的，处五年以上有期徒刑。

违反国家规定，对计算机信息系统中存储、处理或者传输的数据和应用程序进行删除、修改、增加的操作，后果严重的，依照前款的规定处罚。

故意制作、传播计算机病毒等破坏性程序，影响计算机系统正常运行，后果严重的，依照第一款的规定处罚。

Article 287. Whoever uses a computer for financial fraud, theft, corruption, misappropriation of public funds, stealing state secrets, or other crimes is to be convicted and punished according to relevant regulations of this law.

        　　第二百八十七条　【利用计算机实施犯罪的提示性规定】利用计算机实施金融诈骗、盗窃、贪污、挪用公款、窃取国家秘密或者其他犯罪的，依照本法有关规定定罪处罚。

Article 288. Whoever violates state regulations and installs or uses radio stations (transmitters), occupies frequencies without authorization, and refuses to stop using them after being ordered to do so, thus interfering in normal radio communications and causing serious consequences is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed- term imprisonment, criminal detention, or control; and may also be sentenced to a fine, additionally or exclusively.

When a unit commits the crimes stated in the preceding paragraph, the unit is to be fined, and its persons in charge and others who are directly responsible are to be punished according to the preceding paragraph.

        　　第二百八十八条　【扰乱无线电管理秩序罪】违反国家规定，擅自设置、使用无线电台（站），或者擅自占用频率，经责令停止使用后拒不停止使用，干扰无线电通讯正常进行，造成严重后果的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制，并处或者单处罚金。

单位犯前款罪的，对单位判处罚金，并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，依照前款的规定处罚。

Article 289. Whoever causes a person's injury, disability or death as result of assembling a crowd for "beating, smashing and looting" is to be convicted and punished according to regulations in Articles 234 and 232 of this law. In cases where public of private property is destroyed or forcibly taken and carried away, ringleaders, in addition to the ordering of restitution of compensation, are to be convicted and punished according to Article 263 of this law.

        　　第二百八十九条　【对聚众“打砸抢”行为的处理规定】聚众“打砸抢”，致人伤残、死亡的，依照本法第二百三十四条、第二百三十二条的规定定罪处罚。毁坏或者抢走公私财物的，除判令退赔外，对首要分子，依照本法第二百六十三条的规定定罪处罚。

Article 290. In cases where crowds are assembled to disturb public order with serious consequences; where the process of work, production, business, teaching, and scientific research are disrupted; and where serious losses have been caused, the ringleaders are to be sentenced to not less than three years but not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment; other active participants are to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, control, or deprivation of political rights.

Assembling crowds to attack state organs, thus disrupting their operations and causing serious losses, the ringleaders are to be sentenced to not less than five years but not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment; and other active participants are to be sentenced to not less than five year of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, control, or deprivation of political rights.

        　　第二百九十条　【聚众扰乱社会秩序罪；聚众冲击国家机关罪】聚众扰乱社会秩序，情节严重，致使工作、生产、营业和教学、科研无法进行，造成严重损失的，对首要分子，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑；对其他积极参加的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利。

聚众冲击国家机关，致使国家机关工作无法进行，造成严重损失的，对首要分子，处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑；对其他积极参加的，处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利。

Article 291. In cases where a crowd is assembled to disturb order at stations, wharves, civil aviation stations, market places, public parks, theaters, exhibitions, sports grounds or other public places, or a crowd is assembled to block traffic or undermine traffic order, or resist or obstruct state security administration personnel who are carrying out their functions according to law, when the circumstances are serious, ringleaders are to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or control.

        　　第二百九十一条　【聚众扰乱公共场所秩序、交通秩序罪】聚众扰乱车站、码头、民用航空站、商场、公园、影剧院、展览会、运动场或者其他公共场所秩序，聚众堵塞交通或者破坏交通秩序，抗拒、阻碍国家治安管理工作人员依法执行职务，情节严重的，对首要分子，处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制。

Article 292. In cases where a crowd is assembled to have brawls, ringleaders and other active participants are to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or control. When the cases are one of the following, ringleaders and other active participants are to be sentenced to not less than three years but not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment:

        　　第二百九十二条　【聚众斗殴罪；故意伤害罪；故意杀人罪】聚众斗殴的，对首要分子和其他积极参加的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制；有下列情形之一的，对首要分子和其他积极参加的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑：

(1) crowds are assembled on many occasions to have brawls;

        （一）多次聚众斗殴的；

(2) the size of crowds assembled to have brawls is large, and bad social effects have been caused;

        （二）聚众斗殴人数多，规模大，社会影响恶劣的；

(3) crowds are assembled for brawls in public places or main thoroughfares, and serious social disorders have been caused; or

        （三）在公共场所或者交通要道聚众斗殴，造成社会秩序严重混乱的；

(4) crowds are assembled for brawls with tools.

Whoever assembles a crowd to have brawls, thus causing a person serious injuries or death, is to be convicted and punished according to Articles 234 and 232 of this Law.

        （四）持械聚众斗殴的。

聚众斗殴，致人重伤、死亡的，依照本法第二百三十四条、第二百三十二条的规定定罪处罚。

Article 293. Whoever undermines public order with anyone of the following provocative and disturbing behaviors is to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or control:

        　　第二百九十三条　【寻衅滋事罪】有下列寻衅滋事行为之一，破坏社会秩序的，处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制：

(1) willfully attacking another person and the circumstances are bad;

        （一）随意殴打他人，情节恶劣的；

(2) chasing, intercepting, or cursing another person, and the circumstances are bad;

        （二）追逐、拦截、辱骂他人，情节恶劣的；

(3) forcibly taking away, demanding, or willfully damaging or seizing public or private property; and the circumstances are serious;

        （三）强拿硬要或者任意损毁、占用公私财物，情节严重的；

(4) creating a disturbance in a public place, causing serious disorder.

        （四）在公共场所起哄闹事，造成公共场所秩序严重混乱的。

Article 294. Whoever organizes, leads, or actively participates in an organization with characteristics of a criminal syndicate, which carries out lawless and criminal activities in an organized manner through violence, threat, or other means, with the aim of playing the tyrant in a locality, committing all sorts of crimes, bullying and harming the masses, and doing what has seriously undermined economic and social order is to be sentenced to not less than three years but not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment. Other participants are to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, control, or deprivation of political rights.

Personnel of overseas criminal syndicates who come to the PRC to recruit members are to be sentenced to not less than three years but not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment.

Whoever commits other crimes in addition to those in the preceding two paragraph is to the punished according to regulations for punishing multiple crimes.

State organ personnel who harbor an organization with characteristics of a criminal syndicate, or who connives at the organization's lawless and criminal activities is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or deprivation of political rights; when the circumstances are serious, the sentence is to be not less than three years but not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment.

        　　第二百九十四条　【组织、领导、参加黑社会性质组织罪；入境发展黑社会组织罪；包庇、纵容黑社会性质组织罪】组织、领导和积极参加以暴力、威胁或者其他手段，有组织地进行违法犯罪活动，称霸一方，为非作恶，欺压、残害群众，严重破坏经济、社会生活秩序的黑社会性质的组织的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑；其他参加的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利。

境外的黑社会组织的人员到中华人民共和国境内发展组织成员的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。

犯前两款罪又有其他犯罪行为的，依照数罪并罚的规定处罚。

国家机关工作人员包庇黑社会性质的组织，或者纵容黑社会性质的组织进行违法犯罪活动的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者剥夺政治权利；情节严重的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。

Article 295. Whoever teaches crime-committing methods is to be to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or control; when the consequences are serious, to not less than five years of fixed-term imprisonment; when the consequences are particularly serious, to life imprisonment or death penalty.

        　　第二百九十五条　【传授犯罪方法罪】传授犯罪方法的，处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制；情节严重的，处五年以上有期徒刑；情节特别严重的，处无期徒刑或者死刑。

Article 296. Whoever holds an assembly, parade, demonstration without application in accordance with the law or without authorization after application, or does not carry it out in accordance with the beginning time and ending time, place, and road as permitted by authorities concerned, and refuses to obey an order to dismiss, thereby seriously sabotaging social order, those personnel who are in charge and those who are directly responsible are to be to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, control or deprived of

political rights.

        　　第二百九十六条　【非法集会、游行示威罪】举行集会、游行、示威，未依照法律规定申请或者申请未获许可，或者未按照主管机关许可的起止时间、地点、路线进行，又拒不服从解散命令，严重破坏社会秩序的，对集会、游行、示威的负责人和直接责任人员，处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利。

Article 297. Whoever violates laws and regulations by bringing with them weapons, controlled knives and tools or explosive articles to participate in an assembly, parade, demonstration is to be to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, control or deprived of political rights.

        　　第二百九十七条　【非法携带武器、管制刀具、爆炸物参加集会、游行、示威罪】违反法律规定，携带武器、管制刀具或者爆炸物参加集会、游行、示威的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利。

Article 298. Whoever disturbs, collides, or sabotages with other methods the legally-held assembly, parade, demonstration, thereby giving rise to chaotic public order is to be to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, control or deprived of political rights.

        　　第二百九十八条　【破坏集会、游行、示威罪】扰乱、冲击或者以其他方法破坏依法举行的集会、游行、示威，造成公共秩序混乱的，处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利。

Article 299. Whoever purposely insults the national flag, national emblem of the PRC in a public place with such methods as burning, destroying, scribbling, soiling, and trampling is to be to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, control or deprived of political rights.

        　　第二百九十九条　【侮辱国旗、国徽罪】在公众场合故意以焚烧、毁损、涂划、玷污、践踏等方式侮辱中华人民共和国国旗、国徽的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利。

Article 300. Whoever organizes and utilizes superstitious sects, secret societies, and evil religious organizations or sabotages the implementation of the state's laws and executive regulations by utilizing superstition is to be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment; when circumstances are particularly serious, to not less than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment.

Whoever organizes and utilizes superstitious sects, secret societies, and evil religious organizations or cheats others by utilizing superstition, thereby giving rise to the death of people is to be punished in accordance with the previous paragraph. Whoever organizes and utilizes superstitious sects, secret societies, and evil religious organizations or has illicit sexual relations with women, defraud money and property by utilizing superstition is to be convicted and punished in accordance with the regulations of articles 236, 266 of the law.

        　　第三百条　【组织、利用会道门、邪教组织、利用迷信破坏法律实施罪；组织、利用会道门、邪教组织、利用迷信致人死亡罪；强奸罪；诈骗罪】组织和利用会道门、邪教组织或者利用迷信破坏国家法律、行政法规实施的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑；情节特别严重的，处七年以上有期徒刑。

组织和利用会道门、邪教组织或者利用迷信蒙骗他人，致人死亡的，依照前款的规定处罚。

组织和利用会道门、邪教组织或者利用迷信奸淫妇女、诈骗财物的，分别依照本法第二百三十六条、第二百六十六条的规定定罪处罚。

Article 301. Whoever takes a lead in assembling a crowd to engage in promiscuous activities or repeatedly participates in such activities is to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or control.

Whoever seduces minors to participate in mass promiscuous activities is to be severely punished in accordance with the previous paragraph.

        　　第三百零一条　【聚众淫乱罪；引诱未成年人聚众淫乱罪】聚众进行淫乱活动的，对首要分子或者多次参加的，处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制。

引诱未成年人参加聚众淫乱活动的，依照前款的规定从重处罚。

Article 302. Whoever steals, insults corpses is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or control.

        　　第三百零二条　【盗窃、侮辱尸体罪】盗窃、侮辱尸体的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制。

Article 303. Whoever, for the purpose of reaping profits, assembles a crow to engage in gambling, opens a gambling house, or makes an occupation of gambling is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or control, in addition to fine.

        　　第三百零三条　【赌博罪】以营利为目的，聚众赌博、开设赌场或者以赌博为业的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制，并处罚金。

Article 304. Postal service personnel who are severely irresponsible, purposely delay sending mails thereby giving rise to great loss of public properties, interests of the state and people are to be sentenced to not more than two years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention.

        　　第三百零四条　【故意延误投递邮件罪】邮政工作人员严重不负责任，故意延误投递邮件，致使公共财产、国家和人民利益遭受重大损失的，处二年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

Section 2. Crimes of Disrupting Justice

第二节　妨害司法罪

Article 305. During the course of criminal procedures, any witness, expert witness, recorder, translator who purposely makes false testimony, makes expert evaluation, records, translates with an intention to frame others or conceal criminal evidence in the circumstances which have an important bearing on a case is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention; when the circumstances are severe, to not less than three years and not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment.

        　　第三百零五条　【伪证罪】在刑事诉讼中，证人、鉴定人、记录人、翻译人对与案件有重要关系的情节，故意作虚假证明、鉴定、记录、翻译，意图陷害他人或者隐匿罪证的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；情节严重的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。

Article 306. During the course of criminal procedure, any defender, law agent destroys, falsifies evidence, assist parties concerned in destroying, falsifying evidence, threatening, luring witnesses to contravene facts, change their testimony or make false testimony is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention; when the circumstances are severe, to not less than three years and not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment. If witnesses, testimonies, or other evidences provided, shown, used by a defender, law agent are not true but are not falsified purposely, they do not fall into the category of falsifying evidences.

        　　第三百零六条　【辩护人、诉讼代理人毁灭证据、伪造证据、妨害作证罪】在刑事诉讼中，辩护人、诉讼代理人毁灭、伪造证据，帮助当事人毁灭、伪造证据，威胁、引诱证人违背事实改变证言或者作伪证的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；情节严重的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。

辩护人、诉讼代理人提供、出示、引用的证人证言或者其他证据失实，不是有意伪造的，不属于伪造证据。

Article 307. Whoever stops with violence, threat, bribe, and other methods a witness to testify or instigates others to make false testimony is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention; when the circumstances are severe, to not less than three years but not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment. Whoever assists the parties concerned in destroying or falsifying evidences is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention if the circumstances are severe. Any judicial personnel committing the crimes as stated in the previous two paragraphs is to be severely punished.

        　　第三百零七条　【妨害作证罪；帮助毁灭、伪造证据罪】以暴力、威胁、贿买等方法阻止证人作证或者指使他人作伪证的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；情节严重的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。

帮助当事人毁灭、伪造证据，情节严重的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

司法工作人员犯前两款罪的，从重处罚。

Article 308. Whoever resorts to persecution and retaliation against a witness is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention; when the circumstances are severe, to not less than three years and not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment.

        　　第三百零八条　【打击报复证人罪】对证人进行打击报复的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；情节严重的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。

Article 309. Whoever gathers a crowd to make disturbances, charges a court, or beats judicial personnel, severely disturbs the order of a court is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, control or to be fined.

        　　第三百零九条　【扰乱法庭秩序罪】聚众哄闹、冲击法庭，或者殴打司法工作人员，严重扰乱法庭秩序的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者罚金。

Article 310. Whoever provides a person who he clearly knows to be a convict witha hiding place, financial and material support, assists him to escape, hides, or protects him by falsifying evidence is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or control; when the circumstances are severe, to not less than three years but not more than ten years of fixed-term imprisonment.

Whoever commits a crime as stated in the previous paragraph and conspires in advance is to be punished as committing a joint crime.

        　　第三百一十条　【窝藏、包庇罪】明知是犯罪的人而为其提供隐藏处所、财物，帮助其逃匿或者作假证明包庇的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制；情节严重的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。

犯前款罪，事前通谋的，以共同犯罪论处。

Article 311. Whoever refuses to provide information, when the state's public security organs look into relevant situations and collect relevant evidence from him, about other people who he clearly knows have conducted criminal espionage activities is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or control if the circumstances are severe.

        　　第三百一十一条　【拒绝提供间谍犯罪证据罪】明知他人有间谍犯罪行为，在国家安全机关向其调查有关情况、收集有关证据时，拒绝提供，情节严重的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制。

Article 312. Whoever conceals, transfers, purchases, or acts as an agent to sell something he clearly knows as booty which have been gained through committing a crime is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or control and may in addition or exclusively be sentenced to a fine.

        　　第三百一十二条　【窝藏、转移、收购、销售赃物罪】明知是犯罪所得的赃物而予以窝藏、转移、收购或者代为销售的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制，并处或者单处罚金。

Article 313. Whoever refuses to carry out a decision or order made by a people's court while he is able to carry it out is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or be fined if the circumstances are severe.

        　　第三百一十三条　【拒不执行判决、裁定罪】对人民法院的判决、裁定有能力执行而拒不执行，情节严重的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者罚金。

Article 314. Whoever hides, transfers, sells off, purposely destroys property which is already sealed, seized, or frozen is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or be fined if the circumstances are severe.

        　　第三百一十四条　【非法处置查封、扣押、冻结的财产罪】隐藏、转移、变卖、故意毁损已被司法机关查封、扣押、冻结的财产，情节严重的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者罚金。

Article 315. Criminals who, in accordance with the law, are already under detention and perform one of the following acts which sabotage supervision order are to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment if the circumstances are severe:

        　　第三百一十五条　【破坏监管秩序罪】依法被关押的罪犯，有下列破坏监管秩序行为之一，情节严重的，处三年以下有期徒刑：

(1) beat supervising personnel;

        （一）殴打监管人员的；

(2) organize other people under detention to sabotage supervision order;

        （二）组织其他被监管人破坏监管秩序的；

(3) assemble a crowd to make trouble, thereby disturbing normal supervision order;

        （三）聚众闹事，扰乱正常监管秩序的；

(4) beat, carry out corporal punishment on or instigate other people to beat, carry out corporal punishment on other people under detention.

        （四）殴打、体罚或者指使他人殴打、体罚其他被监管人的。

Article 316. Criminals, defendants, criminal suspects who are already under detention in accordance with the law and who escape are to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention.

Whoever seizes by force criminals, defendants, criminal suspects who are sent under escort is to be sentenced to not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment; when the circumstances are severe, to not less than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment.

        　　第三百一十六条　【脱逃罪；劫夺被押解人员罪】依法被关押的罪犯、被告人、犯罪嫌疑人脱逃的，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

劫夺押解途中的罪犯、被告人、犯罪嫌疑人的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑；情节严重的，处七年以上有期徒刑。

Article 317. Whoever takes a lead in organizing an attempt to escape from a prison or whoever takes an active part in the attempt is to be sentenced to not less than five years of fixed-term imprisonment; others who participate in the attempt to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention.

Whoever takes a lead in staging a riot to escape from a prison or in assembling a crowd to open a prison with tools or whoever takes an active part in the attempt is to be sentenced to not less than ten years of fixed-term imprisonment or life imprisonment; when the circumstances are particularly severe, to death penalty; others who participate in the attempt to not less than three years and not more than ten years of fixed-term imprisonment.

        　　第三百一十七条　【组织越狱罪；暴动越狱罪；聚众持械劫狱罪】组织越狱的首要分子和积极参加的，处五年以上有期徒刑；其他参加的，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

暴动越狱或者聚众持械劫狱的首要分子和积极参加的，处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑；情节特别严重的，处死刑；其他参加的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。

Section 3. Crimes of Disrupting Administration of the Border

第三节　妨害国（边）境管理罪

Article 318. Whoever organizes people to secretly cross the national boundary (border) shall be sentenced to not less than two years and not more than seven years of fixed- term imprisonment and a fine; or not less than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment or to life imprisonment, and may in addition be sentenced to a fine or confiscation of property for any of the following situations:

        　　第三百一十八条　【组织他人偷越国（边）境罪】组织他人偷越国（边）境的，处二年以上七年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金；有下列情形之一的，处七年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑，并处罚金或者没收财产：

(1) ringleader who organizes people to secretly cross the national boundary (border);

        （一）组织他人偷越国（边）境集团的首要分子；

(2) repeatedly organizing people to secretly cross the national boundary (border) or organizing a large number of people to secretly cross the national boundary (border);

        （二）多次组织他人偷越国（边）境或者组织他人偷越国（边）境人数众多的；

(3) causing serious injuries and deaths to the people being organized;

        （三）造成被组织人重伤、死亡的；

(4) depriving or restricting personal freedom of the people being organized;

        （四）剥夺或者限制被组织人人身自由的；

(5) resisting investigation by violent or threatening methods;

        （五）以暴力、威胁方法抗拒检查的；

(6) obtaining huge amounts of illegal income;

        （六）违法所得数额巨大的；

(7) other exceptionally serious circumstances.

Whoever commits the crimes mentioned in the preceding paragraph, killing, harming, raping, and kidnapping and selling the people being organized, or the crimes of killing and harming investigating personnel shall be punished in accordance with the stipulations concerning combined punishment for more than one crime.

        （七）有其他特别严重情节的。

犯前款罪，对被组织人有杀害、伤害、强奸、拐卖等犯罪行为，或者对检查人员有杀害、伤害等犯罪行为的，依照数罪并罚的规定处罚。

Article 319. Whoever defrauds people, in the name of labor export and economic and trade exchanges or for other reasons, of their exit documents such as passports and visas through fraud and deception for use in organizing people in the secret crossing of the national boundary (border) shall be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, and may in addition be sentenced to a fine; and when the circumstances are serious, not less than three years and not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment, and may in addition be sentenced to a fine.

Institutions which commit the crimes mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall be sentenced to a fine, and principal personnel directly responsible for the crime and other personnel with direct responsibility shall be punished in accordance with the stipulations of the preceding paragraph.

        　　第三百一十九条　【骗取出境证件罪】以劳务输出、经贸往来或者其他名义，弄虚作假，骗取护照、签证等出境证件，为组织他人偷越国（边）境使用的，处三年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金；情节严重的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金。

单位犯前款罪的，对单位判处罚金，并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，依照前款的规定处罚。

Article 320. Whoever provides fake and altered exit and entry documents such as passports and visas, or sells exit and entry documents such as passports and visas, shall be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment, and may in addition be sentenced to a fine; and when the circumstances are serious, not less than five years of fixed-term imprisonment, and may in addition be sentenced to a fine.

        　　第三百二十条　【提供伪造、变造的出入境证件罪；出售出入境证件罪】为他人提供伪造、变造的护照、签证等出入境证件，或者出售护照、签证等出入境证件的，处五年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金；情节严重的，处五年以上有期徒刑，并处罚金。

Article 321. Whoever transports people secretly across the national boundary (border) shall be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment and criminal detention or control, and may in addition be sentenced to a fine; or not less than five years and not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment and a fine for any of the following situations:

        　　第三百二十一条　【运送他人偷越国（边）境罪】运送他人偷越国（边）境的，处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制，并处罚金；有下列情形之一的，处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金：

(1) repeatedly involving in transporting activities or transporting a large number of people;

        （一）多次实施运送行为或者运送人数众多的；

(2) using transportation means such as ships and vehicles that do not meet essential safety conditions and that are sufficient to cause serious consequences;

        （二）所使用的船只、车辆等交通工具不具备必要的安全条件，足以造成严重后果的；

(3) obtaining huge amount of illegal income;

        （三）违法所得数额巨大的；

(4) other exceptionally serious circumstances.

Whoever, in the course of transporting people secretly across the national boundary (border), causes heavy injuries and deaths to the people being transported or resists investigation by violent and threatening methods shall be sentenced to not less than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment, and may in addition be sentenced to a fine. Whoever commits the crimes mentioned in the two preceding paragraphs by killing, harming, raping, and kidnapping and selling the people being transported; or the crimes of killing and harming investigating personnel shall be punished in accordance with the stipulations concerning combined punishment for more than one crime.

        （四）有其他特别严重情节的。

在运送他人偷越国（边）境中造成被运送人重伤、死亡，或者以暴力、威胁方法抗拒检查的，处七年以上有期徒刑，并处罚金。

犯前两款罪，对被运送人有杀害、伤害、强奸、拐卖等犯罪行为，或者对检查人员有杀害、伤害等犯罪行为的，依照数罪并罚的规定处罚。

Article 322. Whoever violates the laws and regulations controlling secret crossing of the national boundary (border), and when the circumstances are serious, shall be sentenced to not more than one year of fixed-term imprisonment and criminal detention or control.

        　　第三百二十二条　【偷越国（边）境罪】违反国（边）境管理法规，偷越国（边）境，情节严重的，处一年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制，并处罚金。

Article 323. Whoever intentionally sabotages boundary tablets, boundary markers or survey indicators of a permanent nature along the borders of the country shall be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention.

        　　第三百二十三条　【破坏界碑、界桩罪；破坏永久性测量标志罪】故意破坏国家边境的界碑、界桩或者永久性测量标志的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

Section 4. Crimes of Disrupting Administration of Cultural Relics

第四节　妨害文物管理罪

Article 324. Whoever intentionally destroys precious cultural relics under state protection or designated cultural relics of state institutions for protecting major cultural relics and provincial-level cultural relics protection departments shall be sentenced to not more than three years in fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention, and may in addition or exclusively be sentenced to a fine; or when the circumstances are serious, not less than three years and not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment, and may in addition be sentenced to a fine.

Whoever intentionally destroys state-protected places of historical interest or scenic beauty, and when the circumstances are serious, shall be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention, and may in addition or exclusively be sentenced to a fine.

Whoever, through negligence, destroys precious cultural relics under state protection or designated cultural relics of state institutions for protecting major cultural relics and provincial-level cultural relics protection departments shall be sentenced to not more than three years in fixed- term imprisonment or criminal detention.

        　　第三百二十四条　【故意损毁文物罪；故意损毁名胜古迹罪；过失损毁文物罪】故意损毁国家保护的珍贵文物或者被确定为全国重点文物保护单位、省级文物保护单位的文物的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役，并处或者单处罚金；情节严重的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金。

故意损毁国家保护的名胜古迹，情节严重的，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役，并处或者单处罚金。

过失损毁国家保护的珍贵文物或者被确定为全国重点文物保护单位、省级文物保护单位的文物，造成严重后果的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

Article 325. Whoever violates laws and regulations on cultural relics protection by secretly selling or giving to foreigners his or her collection of precious cultural relics, the export of which is banned by the state shall be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention, and may in addition be sentenced to a fine.

Institutions which commit the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall be sentenced to a fine, and principal personnel directly responsible for the crime and other personnel with direct responsibility shall be punished in accordance with the stipulations of the preceding paragraph.

        　　第三百二十五条　【非法向外国人出售、赠送珍贵文物罪】违反文物保护法规，将收藏的国家禁止出口的珍贵文物私自出售或者私自赠送给外国人的，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役，可以并处罚金。

单位犯前款罪的，对单位判处罚金，并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，依照前款的规定处罚。

Article 326. Whoever, for the purpose of reaping profits, resells cultural relics, the transaction of which is banned by the state and when the circumstances are serious, shall be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention, and may in addition be sentenced to a fine, or when the circumstances are exceptionally serious, not less than five years and not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment, and may in addition be sentenced to a fine.

Institutions which commit the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall be sentenced to a fine, and principal personnel directly responsible for the crime and other personnel with direct responsibility shall be punished in accordance with the stipulations of the preceding paragraph.

        　　第三百二十六条　【倒卖文物罪】以牟利为目的，倒卖国家禁止经营的文物，情节严重的，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役，并处罚金；情节特别严重的，处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金。

单位犯前款罪的，对单位判处罚金，并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，依照前款的规定处罚。

Article 327. States-owned museums, libraries, and other units that violate the laws and regulations on protection of cultural relics, selling or giving without permission cultural relic objects under state protection to non-state- owned units or individuals are to be sentenced to a fine and persons in direct charge of the units and other persons directly involved in the case for responsibility are to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention.

        　　第三百二十七条　【非法出售、私赠文物藏品罪】违反文物保护法规，国有博物馆、图书馆等单位将国家保护的文物藏品出售或者私自送给非国有单位或者个人的，对单位判处罚金，并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

Article 328. Whoever robs ancient cultural ruins and ancient tomb burial objects that have historical, artistic, and scientific value are to be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than ten years of fixed-term imprisonment and are to be sentenced to a fine; when the circumstances are relatively light in nature, the sentence is to be not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention or surveillance and the offender is also to be sentenced to a fine; whoever has one of the following cases is to be sentenced to not less than ten years of fixed-term imprisonment, life imprisonment or death penalty and are in addition to be sentenced to a fine or confiscation of property.

        　　第三百二十八条　【盗掘古文化遗址、古墓葬罪；盗掘古人类化石、古脊椎动物化石罪】盗掘具有历史、艺术、科学价值的古文化遗址、古墓葬的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金；情节较轻的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制，并处罚金；有下列情形之一的，处十年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑，并处罚金或者没收财产：

(1) Robbing ancient cultural ruins and ancient tomb burial objects slated as selected national cultural relic protection units and province-level cultural relic protection units;

        （一）盗掘确定为全国重点文物保护单位和省级文物保护单位的古文化遗址、古墓葬的；

(2) ringleaders of the gangs engaged in robbing ancient cultural ruins and ancient tomb burial objects;

        （二）盗掘古文化遗址、古墓葬集团的首要分子；

(3) whoever has robbed ancient cultural ruins and ancient tomb burial objects many times; and

        （三）多次盗掘古文化遗址、古墓葬的；

(4) whoever robs ancient cultural ruins and ancient tomb burial objects and whoever steals precious cultural relics or causes great damage on precious cultural relics.

Whoever robs ancient human fossils and ancient vertebrate fossils that have scientific value is to be punished according to the provisions of the preceding article.

        （四）盗掘古文化遗址、古墓葬，并盗窃珍贵文物或者造成珍贵文物严重破坏的。

盗掘国家保护的具有科学价值的古人类化石和古脊椎动物化石的，依照前款的规定处罚。

Article 329. Whoever seizes and steals state-owned records is to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention.

Whoever violates the provisions of the Archives Law, selling and transferring state-owned records without authorization and when the circumstances are serious is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention.

Whoever commits the preceding two acts and at the same time, they form the other crimes specified in this law is to be convicted and punished according to the provisions that provide relatively severe punishment.

        　　第三百二十九条　【盗窃、抢夺国有档案罪；擅自出卖、转让国有档案罪】抢夺、窃取国家所有的档案的，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

违反档案法的规定，擅自出卖、转让国家所有的档案，情节严重的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

有前两款行为，同时又构成本法规定的其他犯罪的，依照处罚较重的规定定罪处罚。

Section 5. Crimes of Endangering Public Health

第五节　危害公共卫生罪

Article 330. Whoever violates the provisions of the Law on Prevention and Cure of Contagious Diseases and has one of the following cases, causing the spread of A-category contagious diseases or causing a serious danger of the spread of contagious diseases is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention; when the consequences are particularly serious, the sentence is to be not less than three years and not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment.

        　　第三百三十条　【妨害传染病防治罪】违反传染病防治法的规定，有下列情形之一，引起甲类传染病传播或者有传播严重危险的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；后果特别严重的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑：

(1) The drinking water supplied by water supply units is not up to the hygienic standards set by the state;

        （一）供水单位供应的饮用水不符合国家规定的卫生标准的；

(2) refusing to give sterilization treatment to sewage, pollutants, and excrement and urine contaminated by pathogens of contagious diseases according to the hygienic requirements set by the sanitation and epidemic control organs;

        （二）拒绝按照卫生防疫机构提出的卫生要求，对传染病病原体污染的污水、污物、粪便进行消毒处理的；

(3) allowing or conniving at contagious disease suffers, contagious disease pathogen carriers, and suspected contagious disease sufferers to take up jobs susceptible to spreading contagious diseases that are prohibited to be taken by such persons by the provisions of the public health administrative departments of the State Council; and

        （三）准许或者纵容传染病病人、病原携带者和疑似传染病病人从事国务院卫生行政部门规定禁止从事的易使该传染病扩散的工作的；

(4) refusing to implement the prevention and control measures set by the sanitation and epidemic control organs in accordance with the Law on Prevention and Cure of Contagious Diseases.

Any unit that commits the preceding crimes is to be sentenced to a fine and the person in direct charge of the unit and other persons directly involved in the case for responsibility are to be punished according to the provisions of the preceding article.

The scope of A-category contagious diseases is determined in accordance with the "The Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Cure of Contagious Diseases" and the relevant provisions of the State Council.

        （四）拒绝执行卫生防疫机构依照传染病防治法提出的预防、控制措施的。

单位犯前款罪的，对单位判处罚金，并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，依照前款的规定处罚。

甲类传染病的范围，依照《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》和国务院有关规定确定。

Article 331. Personnel engaged in the testing, storage, carriage, and transporting of contagious diseases' bacterial spawns and viruses violate the relevant provisions of the public health administrative departments of the State Council, causing the spread of contagious diseases' bacterial spawns and viruses and resulting in serious consequences are to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention; when the consequences are particularly serious, the sentence is to be not less than three years and not more than seven years

of fixed-term imprisonment.

        　　第三百三十一条　【传染病菌种、毒种扩散罪】从事实验、保藏、携带、运输传染病菌种、毒种的人员，违反国务院卫生行政部门的有关规定，造成传染病菌种、毒种扩散，后果严重的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；后果特别严重的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。

Article 332. Whoever violates national border health and quarantine regulations, causing the spread of quarantined contagious diseases or a serious danger of spreading them, is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention, and may in addition or exclusively be sentenced to a fine.

A unit which violates the crime of the preceding paragraph shall be sentenced to a fine, and principal personnel directly responsible to the unit and other personnel with direct responsibility shall be penalized in accordance with the stipulations of the preceding paragraph.

        　　第三百三十二条　【妨害国境卫生检疫罪】违反国境卫生检疫规定，引起检疫传染病传播或者有传播严重危险的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役，并处或者单处罚金。

单位犯前款罪的，对单位判处罚金，并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，依照前款的规定处罚。

Article 333. Whoever sells blood illegally by involving others shall be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment and a fine. Whoever, by violent and threatening methods, forces others to sell blood shall be sentenced to not less than five years and not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment and a fine. Whoever causes harm to others through the act mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall be convicted and fined in accordance to stipulations of Article 234 of this law.

        　　第三百三十三条　【非法组织卖血罪；强迫卖血罪；故意伤害罪】非法组织他人出卖血液的，处五年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金；以暴力、威胁方法强迫他人出卖血液的，处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金。

有前款行为，对他人造成伤害的，依照本法第二百三十四条的规定定罪处罚。

Article 334. Whoever illegally collects and supplies or produces and supplies blood products that do not meet state- stipulated standards, and enough to endanger human health, shall be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention and a fine. Whoever causes serious harm to human health shall be sentenced to not less than five years and not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment and a fine; and for whoever causes exceptionally serious consequences, a sentence of not less than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment or life imprisonment, and may in addition be sentenced to a fine or confiscation of property.

Departments that have approval from principal state departments to collect and supply blood or produce and supply blood products but do not conduct inspection and tests in accordance with stipulations or violate other operations specifications, causing harm to human health, the unit concerned shall be fined, and principal personnel directly responsible to the unit and other personnel with direct responsibility shall be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention.

        　　第三百三十四条　【非法采集、供应血液、制作、供应血液制品罪；采集、供应血液、制作、供应血液制品事故罪】非法采集、供应血液或者制作、供应血液制品，不符合国家规定的标准，足以危害人体健康的，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役，并处罚金；对人体健康造成严重危害的，处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金；造成特别严重后果的，处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑，并处罚金或者没收财产。

经国家主管部门批准采集、供应血液或者制作、供应血液制品的部门，不依照规定进行检测或者违背其他操作规定，造成危害他人身体健康后果的，对单位判处罚金，并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

Article 335. Medical personnel who fail seriously to carry out their responsibility, causing the death of patients or serious harm to the health of patients shall be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention.

        　　第三百三十五条　【医疗事故罪】医务人员由于严重不负责任，造成就诊人死亡或者严重损害就诊人身体健康的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

Article 336. Whoever illegally engages in medical practice without obtaining the qualification for medical practice, and when the circumstances are serious, shall be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or control, and may in addition or exclusively be sentenced to a fine. Whoever causes serious harm to the health of patients shall be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment, and a fine. Whoever causes the death of patients shall be sentenced to not less than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment and a fine. Whoever conducts unauthorized birth control reversal surgery, fake birth control surgery, and pregnancy termination surgery, or takes out birth control devices from the womb, and when the circumstances are serious, shall be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or control, and may in addition or exclusively be sentenced to a fine. Whoever causes serious harm to the health of patients shall be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment and a fine. Whoever causes the death of patients shall be sentenced to not less than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment and a fine.

        　　第三百三十六条　【非法行医罪；非法进行节育手术罪】未取得医生执业资格的人非法行医，情节严重的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制，并处或者单处罚金；严重损害就诊人身体健康的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金；造成就诊人死亡的，处十年以上有期徒刑，并处罚金。

未取得医生执业资格的人擅自为他人进行节育复通手术、假节育手术、终止妊娠手术或者摘取宫内节育器，情节严重的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制，并处或者单处罚金；严重损害就诊人身体健康的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金；造成就诊人死亡的，处十年以上有期徒刑，并处罚金。

Article 337. Whoever violates the stipulations of the Quarantine Law on the Entry and Exit of Animals and Plants, causing major proliferation of animal and plant diseases, shall be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed- term imprisonment or criminal detention, and may in addition or exclusively be sentenced to a fine.

Units that commit the crime of the preceding paragraph shall be sentenced to a fine, and principal personnel directly responsible to the unit and other personnel with direct responsibility shall be penalized in accordance with the stipulations of the preceding paragraph.

        　　第三百三十七条　【逃避动植物检疫罪】违反进出境动植物检疫法的规定，逃避动植物检疫，引起重大动植物疫情的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役，并处或者单处罚金。

单位犯前款罪的，对单位判处罚金，并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，依照前款的规定处罚。

Section 6. Crimes of Undermining Protection of Environmental Resources

第六节　破坏环境资源保护罪

Article 338. Whoever releases, dumps, or disposes of radioactive wastes, wastes containing pathogen of contagious diseases, and toxic materials or other dangerous wastes into land, water, and the atmosphere in violation of state stipulations, causing major environment pollution accidents, heavy losses to public and private property, or grave consequences of personal deaths and injuries shall be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention, and may in addition or exclusively be sentenced to a fine; and in exceptionally serious consequences, not less than three years and not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment, and a fine.

        　　第三百三十八条　【重大环境污染事故罪】违反国家规定，向土地、水体、大气排放、倾倒或者处置有放射性的废物、含传染病病原体的废物、有毒物质或者其他危险废物，造成重大环境污染事故，致使公私财产遭受重大损失或者人身伤亡的严重后果的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役，并处或者单处罚金；后果特别严重的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金。

Article 339. Those who dump, store or process solid waste from abroad in the country in violation of state regulations are to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention, and in addition be sentenced to a fine. Those whose acts cause serious environmental pollution and major damages to public or private properties or seriously endanger people's health are to be punished by sentence of not less than five years and not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment, and in addition be sentenced to a fine. Those whose acts have especially serious consequences are to be sentenced to more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment, and in addition be sentenced to a fine.

Those who import solid waste as raw material without the approval of concerned administrative department of the State Council and cause serious environmental pollution, major damages to public or private properties and or seriously endanger people's health are to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention, and in addition be sentenced to a fine.

Those whose acts are especially serious are to be sentenced to not less than five years and not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment, and in addition be sentenced to a fine.

Those who import solid waste in the name of raw material which cannot be used as material are to be punished in accordance with the provisions of Article 155 of this Law.

        　　第三百三十九条　【非法处置进口的固体废物罪；擅自进口固体废物罪；走私固体废物罪】违反国家规定，将境外的固体废物进境倾倒、堆放、处置的，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役，并处罚金；造成重大环境污染事故，致使公私财产遭受重大损失或者严重危害人体健康的，处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金；后果特别严重的，处十年以上有期徒刑，并处罚金。

未经国务院有关主管部门许可，擅自进口固体废物用作原料，造成重大环境污染事故，致使公私财产遭受重大损失或者严重危害人体健康的，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役，并处罚金；后果特别严重的，处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金。

以原料利用为名，进口不能用作原料的固体废物的，依照本法第一百五十五条的规定定罪处罚。

Article 340. Those who violate laws and regulations to protect aquatic products and catch aquatic products in forbidden areas or forbidden periods or use tools and methods in violation of regulations in a serious nature are to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention or control, and may in addition be sentenced to a fine.

        　　第三百四十条　【非法捕捞水产品罪】违反保护水产资源法规，在禁渔区、禁渔期或者使用禁用的工具、方法捕捞水产品，情节严重的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者罚金。

Article 341. Those who illegally hunt and kill rare and endangered wild animals which are under the state key production plan or illegally purchase, transport or sell those rare and endangered wild animals and their manufactured products are to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention, and may in addition be sentenced to a fine. In serious cases, those law offenders are to be sentenced to not less than five years and not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment, and may in addition be sentenced to a fine. In especially serious cases, those law offenders are to be sentenced to more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment, and in addition be sentenced to a fine and confiscation of their properties.

Those who violate hunting law and regulations and use tools and methods which are forbidden to be used in no- hunting zones or periods and thus damage the source of wild animals and if the situation is serious are to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention or control, and in addition be sentenced to a fine.

        　　第三百四十一条　【非法猎捕、杀害珍贵、濒危野生动物罪；非法收购、运输、出售珍贵濒危野生动物、珍贵、濒危野生动物制品罪】非法猎捕、杀害国家重点保护的珍贵、濒危野生动物的，或者非法收购、运输、出售国家重点保护的珍贵、濒危野生动物及其制品的，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役，并处罚金；情节严重的，处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金；情节特别严重的，处十年以上有期徒刑，并处罚金或者没收财产。

违反狩猎法规，在禁猎区、禁猎期或者使用禁用的工具、方法进行狩猎，破坏野生动物资源，情节严重的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者罚金。

Article 342. Those who illegally occupy farmland for other uses in violation of land administrative law and regulations in a relatively large area and cause damage to large tracts of farmland are to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention, and in addition be sentenced to a fine or may be sentenced to a simple fine.

        　　第三百四十二条　【非法占用耕地罪】违反土地管理法规，非法占用耕地改作他用，数量较大，造成耕地大量毁坏的，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役，并处或者单处罚金。

Article 343. Those who violate the stipulations of the Mineral Resources Law and start to engage in mining operation without first obtaining a mining permit, those who wantonly enter state mining areas which are important to the national economy or mining areas of other people, those who wantonly excavate special minerals protected by the state and those who continue mining operations and cause damage to mineral resources after receiving a notice to stop such operation are to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention or control, and in addition be sentenced to a fine or may be sentenced to a simple fine. Those whose operations have caused serious damages to natural resources are to be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment, and in addition be sentenced to a fine.

Those who violate the stipulations of Mineral Resources Law and use destructive mining methods to tap mineral resources and have caused serious damages to mineral resources are to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention, and in addition be sentenced to a fine.

        　　第三百四十三条　【非法采矿罪；破坏性采矿罪】违反矿产资源法的规定，未取得采矿许可证擅自采矿的，擅自进入国家规划矿区、对国民经济具有重要价值的矿区和他人矿区范围采矿的，擅自开采国家规定实行保护性开采的特定矿种，经责令停止开采后拒不停止开采，造成矿产资源破坏的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制，并处或者单处罚金；造成矿产资源严重破坏的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金。

违反矿产资源法的规定，采取破坏性的开采方法开采矿产资源，造成矿产资源严重破坏的，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役，并处罚金。

Article 344. Those who violate the stipulations of the Forestry Law and engage in illegal logging and damage valuable trees are to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention or control, and in addition be sentenced to a fine. In serious cases, those law offenders are to be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment and, in addition, be sentenced to a fine.

        　　第三百四十四条　【非法采伐、毁坏珍贵树木罪】违反森林法的规定，非法采伐、毁坏珍贵树木的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制，并处罚金；情节严重的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金。

Article 345. Those who have engaged in illegal logging of forest or other trees in relatively large quantity are to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention or control, and in addition be sentenced to a fine. They may be punished by a simple fine.

If the quantity is quite large, those law offenders are to be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment and, in addition, be sentenced to a fine. If the quantity is especially large, those law offenders are to be sentenced to more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment and, in addition, be sentenced to a fine. Those who violate the stipulations of the Forestry Law and engage in wanton logging of forest or other trees in relatively large quantity are to be sentenced to less than three years fixed- term imprisonment, or criminal detention or control and, in addition, be sentenced to a fine. They may also be punished by a simple fine. If the quantity is especially large, the law offenders are to be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment and, in addition, be sentenced to a fine.

Those who, in order to make a profit, illegally purchase timber from illegal or wanton logging in a serious manner are to be sentenced to less than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention or control and, in addition, be sentenced to a fine. They may also be punished by a simple fine. In especially serious cases, those law offenders are to be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment and, in addition, be sentenced to a fine.

Those who engage in illegal and wanton logging of forests or other trees inside state natural protection zones are to be punished in a severe manner.

        　　第三百四十五条　【盗伐林木罪；滥伐林木罪；非法收购盗伐、滥伐的林木罪】盗伐森林或者其他林木，数量较大的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制，并处或者单处罚金；数量巨大的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金；数量特别巨大的，处七年以上有期徒刑，并处罚金。

违反森林法的规定，滥伐森林或者其他林木，数量较大的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制，并处或者单处罚金；数量巨大的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金。

以牟利为目的，在林区非法收购明知是盗伐、滥伐的林木，情节严重的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制，并处或者单处罚金；情节特别严重的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金。

盗伐、滥伐国家级自然保护区内的森林或者其他林木的，从重处罚。

Article 346. If a unit commits the crimes stipulated in Article 338 to 345, the unit will be sentenced to a fine, while the leading person with direct responsibility and other personnel directly responsible for such violations are to be punished in accordance with the stipulations of related articles.

        　　第三百四十六条　【单位犯破坏环境资源保护罪的处罚规定】单位犯本节第三百三十八条至第三百四十五条规定之罪的，对单位判处罚金，并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，依照本节各该条的规定处罚。

Section 7. Crimes of Smuggling, Trafficking, Transporting and Manufacturing Drugs

第七节 走私、贩卖、运输、制造毒品罪

Article 347. Those who commit the crimes of smuggling, trafficking, transporting and manufacturing drugs, regardless of the quantity of drugs, shall be investigated for their criminal responsibility and punished according to the Criminal Law.

Those who smuggle, traffic, transport or manufacture drugs with one of the following conditions are to be punished by 15 years of fixed-term imprisonment, life imprisonment or death sentence, and, in addition, confiscation of their properties:

        　　第三百四十七条　【走私、贩卖、运输、制造毒品罪】走私、贩卖、运输、制造毒品，无论数量多少，都应当追究刑事责任，予以刑事处罚。

走私、贩卖、运输、制造毒品，有下列情形之一的，处十五年有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑，并处没收财产：

(1) Smuggling, trafficking, transporting or manufacturing opium with a quantity of more than 1,000 grams [ke 0344], heroin or methylaniline [jia ji ben bing an 3946 1015 0058 0014 5143] with a quantity of more than 50 grams or other narcotics with a large quantify;

        （一）走私、贩卖、运输、制造鸦片一千克以上、海洛因或者甲基苯丙胺五十克以上或者其他毒品数量大的；

(2) The principal leaders of criminal groups engaged in smuggling, trafficking, transporting and manufacturing drugs;

        （二）走私、贩卖、运输、制造毒品集团的首要分子；

(3) Those who use arms to cover up smuggling, trafficking, transporting and manufacturing drugs;

        （三）武装掩护走私、贩卖、运输、制造毒品的；

(4) Those who use violence to resist inspection, detention or arrest in serious situation; and

        （四）以暴力抗拒检查、拘留、逮捕，情节严重的；

(5) Those who take part in organized international drug trafficking activities.

Those who smuggle, traffic, transport or manufacture opium with a quantity less than 1,000 grams but more than 200 grams, those who smuggle, traffic, transport or manufacture heroin or methylaniline with a quantity less than 50 grams but more than 10 grams, and those who deal with other drugs in large quantity are to be sentenced to more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment and, in addition, be sentenced to a fine.

Those who smuggle, traffic, transport or manufacture opium with a quantity less than 200 grams, those who smuggle, traffic, transport or manufacture heroin or methylaniline with a quantity less than 10 grams, or those who deal with a small quantity of other drugs are to be sentenced to less than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, detention or control, and, in addition, be sentenced to a fine. In more serious cases, those law offenders are to be sentenced to more than three years but less than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment and, in addition, be sentenced to a fine.

Units which commit the crimes as stated in (2), (3) and (4) above are to be penalized with a fine. Their leading personnel directly responsible for those acts and other directly responsible personnel are to be punished in accordance with the above sections of this article. Those who utilize or urge youngsters to engage in smuggling, trafficking, transporting or manufacturing drugs or selling drugs to youngsters are to be punished in a heavier manner.

As to those who commit crimes repeatedly, the quantities of drugs involved in smuggling, trafficking, transporting and manufacturing will be combined in the judgment for sentencing.

        （五）参与有组织的国际贩毒活动的。

走私、贩卖、运输、制造鸦片二百克以上不满一千克、海洛因或者甲基苯丙胺十克以上不满五十克或者其他毒品数量较大的，处七年以上有期徒刑，并处罚金。

走私、贩卖、运输、制造鸦片不满二百克、海洛因或者甲基苯丙胺不满十克或者其他少量毒品的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制，并处罚金；情节严重的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金。

单位犯第二款、第三款、第四款罪的，对单位判处罚金，并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，依照各该款的规定处罚。

利用、教唆未成年人走私、贩卖、运输、制造毒品，或者向未成年人出售毒品的，从重处罚。

对多次走私、贩卖、运输、制造毒品，未经处理的，毒品数量累计计算。

Article 348. Those who illegally hold more than 1,000 grams of opium or more than 50 grams of heroin or methylaniline or large quantities of other drugs are to be sentenced to more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment or life imprisonment and, in addition, be sentenced to a fine. Those who illegally hold more than 200 grams but less than 1,000 grams of opium or hold more than 10 grams of heroin but less than 50 grams of methylaniline or hold a large quantity of other drugs are to be sentenced to less than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or detention or control and, in addition, be sentenced to paying a fine. In serious cases, the law offenders are to be sentenced to more than three years but less than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment and, in addition, be sentenced to paying a fine.

        　　第三百四十八条　【非法持有毒品罪】非法持有鸦片一千克以上、海洛因或者甲基苯丙胺五十克以上或者其他毒品数量大的，处七年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑，并处罚金；非法持有鸦片二百克以上不满一千克、海洛因或者甲基苯丙胺十克以上不满五十克或者其他毒品数量较大的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制，并处罚金；情节严重的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金。

Article 349. Those who provide cover for criminals who have engaged in smuggling, trafficking, transporting and manufacturing drugs and those who hide, move or conceal drugs and properties of criminals are to be sentenced to less than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, detaining or control. In serious cases, they are to be sentenced to more than three years but less than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment. Anti-drug smuggling personnel or other workers of state organs who shield or harbor criminal elements who smuggle, sell, transport, or make drugs, are to be severely punished according to stipulations of the above paragraph.

Those who conspire with others in advance to commit crimes stipulated in the above two paragraphs of this article are to be handled as accomplices of smuggling, trafficking, transporting, or making drugs.

        　　第三百四十九条　【包庇毒品犯罪分子罪；窝藏、转移、隐瞒毒品、毒赃罪】包庇走私、贩卖、运输、制造毒品的犯罪分子的，为犯罪分子窝藏、转移、隐瞒毒品或者犯罪所得的财物的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制；情节严重的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。

缉毒人员或者其他国家机关工作人员掩护、包庇走私、贩卖、运输、制造毒品的犯罪分子的，依照前款的规定从重处罚。

犯前两款罪，事先通谋的，以走私、贩卖、运输、制造毒品罪的共犯论处。

Article 350. Those violating the state's regulations to illegally transport or hand carry into or out of the country acetic oxide, ethyl ether, chloroform, or other raw materials or elixirs for making drugs; and those violating the state's regulations to illegally sell or buy the aforementioned materials within the country, are to be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention or surveillance, in addition to paying a fine. Those involved in large amounts of drugs are to be sentenced to three to 10 years in prison, in addition to paying a fine.

Those providing aforementioned materials to those whom they know are making drugs are to be handled as accomplices to the making of drugs. Units committing crimes stipulated in the above two paragraphs are to be fined, and their persons directly in charge and other personnel directly responsible for the case are to be punished according to stipulations of the above two paragraphs.

        　　第三百五十条　【走私制毒物品罪；非法买卖制毒物品罪】违反国家规定，非法运输、携带醋酸酐、乙醚、三氯甲烷或者其他用于制造毒品的原料或者配剂进出境的，或者违反国家规定，在境内非法买卖上述物品的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制，并处罚金；数量大的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金。

明知他人制造毒品而为其提供前款规定的物品的，以制造毒品罪的共犯论处。

单位犯前两款罪的，对单位判处罚金，并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，依照前两款的规定处罚。

Article 351. Illegal growing of opium poppy, marijuana, or other kinds of plants from which drugs are extracted is to be forcibly eliminated. Those falling in one or more of the following cases are to be sentenced to five years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention or surveillance, in addition to fine:

        　　第三百五十一条　【非法种植毒品原植物罪】非法种植罂粟、大麻等毒品原植物的，一律强制铲除。有下列情形之一的，处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制，并处罚金：

(1) Those growing more than 500 but fewer than 3,000 opium poppy plants, or those growing relatively large numbers of other kinds of plants from which drugs are extracted;

        （一）种植罂粟五百株以上不满三千株或者其他毒品原植物数量较大的；

(2) those who grow again after their cases have been settled by a public security organ;

        （二）经公安机关处理后又种植的；

(3) those refusing and resisting elimination of their crops.

Those illegally growing more than 3,000 opium poppy plants or large numbers of other kinds of plants from which drugs are extracted are to be sentenced to five years or more in prison, in addition to paying a fine or having their property confiscated.

Those illegally growing opium poppy plants or other kinds of plants from which drugs are extracted but voluntarily wiping them out before reaping them may be exempted from punishment.

        （三）抗拒铲除的。

非法种植罂粟三千株以上或者其他毒品原植物数量大的，处五年以上有期徒刑，并处罚金或者没收财产。

非法种植罂粟或者其他毒品原植物，在收获前自动铲除的，可以免除处罚。

Article 352. Those illegally selling, buying, transporting, hand carrying, or those who are illegally in possession of non-sterilized seeds or saplings of opium poppy or other kinds of plants from which drugs are extracted, if the amounts are relatively large, are to be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention or surveillance, in addition to paying a fine; or are to be fined.

        　　第三百五十二条　【非法买卖、运输、携带、持有毒品原植物种子、幼苗罪】非法买卖、运输、携带、持有未经灭活的罂粟等毒品原植物种子或者幼苗，数量较大的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制，并处或者单处罚金。

Article 353. Those who lure, instigate, or trick others into taking or injecting drugs are to be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention or surveillance, in addition to fine. If the case is serious, they are to be sentenced to three to seven years in prison in addition to paying a fine.

Those forcing others to take or inject drugs are to be sentenced to three to 10 years in prison in addition to paying a fine.

Those luring, instigating, tricking, or forcing minors into taking or injecting drugs are to be severely punished.

        　　第三百五十三条　【引诱、教唆、欺骗他人吸毒罪；强迫他人吸毒罪】引诱、教唆、欺骗他人吸食、注射毒品的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制，并处罚金；情节严重的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金。

强迫他人吸食、注射毒品的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金。

引诱、教唆、欺骗或者强迫未成年人吸食、注射毒品的，从重处罚。

Article 354. Those harboring others who take or inject drugs are to be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention or surveillance, in addition to paying a fine.

        　　第三百五十四条　【容留他人吸毒罪】容留他人吸食、注射毒品的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制，并处罚金。

Article 355. Personnel who produce, transport, manage, or use according to law narcotics or drugs for mental sickness under the state's control and who, in violation to the state's regulations, provide those who take or inject drugs with addictive narcotics or drugs for mental sickness that are under the state's control are to be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention, in addition to fine. If the case is serious, they are to be sentenced to three to seven years in prison in addition to paying a fine. Those providing addictive narcotics or drugs for mental sickness that are under the state's control to criminal elements engaging in smuggling or trafficking drugs or, with the purpose of making profits, to those taking or injecting drugs, are to be convicted and punished according to article 347 of this law.

Units committing crime stipulated in the above paragraph are to be fined, and their persons directly in charge and other personnel directly responsible for the case are to be punished according to stipulations of the above paragraph.

        　　第三百五十五条　【非法提供麻醉药品、精神药品罪】依法从事生产、运输、管理、使用国家管制的麻醉药品、精神药品的人员，违反国家规定，向吸食、注射毒品的人提供国家规定管制的能够使人形成瘾癖的麻醉药品、精神药品的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役，并处罚金；情节严重的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金。向走私、贩卖毒品的犯罪分子或者以牟利为目的，向吸食、注射毒品的人提供国家规定管制的能够使人形成瘾癖的麻醉药品、精神药品的，依照本法第三百四十七条的规定定罪处罚。

单位犯前款罪的，对单位判处罚金，并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，依照前款的规定处罚。

Article 356. Those who have been convicted of smuggling, trafficking, transporting, or making drugs, or who are illegally in possession of drugs, and who again commit the crime stipulated in this section, are to be severely punished.

        　　第三百五十六条　【毒品犯罪的再犯】因走私、贩卖、运输、制造、非法持有毒品罪被判过刑，又犯本节规定之罪的，从重处罚。

Article 357. Drugs as mentioned in this law refer to opium, heroin, ice, morphine, marijuana, cocaine, and other addictive narcotics and drugs for mental sickness that are under the state's control.

The amounts of drugs are to be calculated according to the verified amounts of drugs smuggled, sold, transported, or made, or the amounts illegally in possession, and are not to be calculated in terms of the pureness of the drugs.

        　　第三百五十七条　【毒品的范围及毒品数量的计算原则】本法所称的毒品，是指鸦片、海洛因、甲基苯丙胺（冰毒）、吗啡、大麻、可卡因以及国家规定管制的其他能够使人形成瘾癖的麻醉药品和精神药品。

毒品的数量以查证属实的走私、贩卖、运输、制造、非法持有毒品的数量计算，不以纯度折算。

Section 8. The Crime of Organizing, Forcing, Seducing, Harboring, or Introducing Prostitution

第八节 组织、强迫、引诱、容留、介绍卖淫罪

Article 358. Those organizing others for or forcing others into prostitution are to be sentenced to five to 10 years in prison in addition to having to pay a fine. Those falling in one or more of the following cases are to be sentenced to 10 years or more in prison or given a life sentence, in addition to a fine or confiscation of property:

        　　第三百五十八条　【组织卖淫罪；强迫卖淫罪；协助组织卖淫罪】组织他人卖淫或者强迫他人卖淫的，处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金；有下列情形之一的，处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑，并处罚金或者没收财产：

(1) Those committing serious crimes of organizing others for prostitution;

        （一）组织他人卖淫，情节严重的；

(2) those forcing young girls under the age of 14 into prostitution;

        （二）强迫不满十四周岁的幼女卖淫的；

(3) those forcing more than one person into prostitution and those repeatedly forcing others into prostitution;

        （三）强迫多人卖淫或者多次强迫他人卖淫的；

(4) those forcing others who were raped by them into prostitution;

        （四）强奸后迫使卖淫的；

(5) those causing severe injuries, death, or other serious consequences to those who are forced into prostitution.

Those committing one or more of the above crimes, if the case is especially serious, are to be given a life sentence or sentenced to death, in addition to confiscation of property.

Those helping others organize people for prostitution are to be sentenced to five years or fewer in prison in addition to a fine. If the case is serious, they are to be sentenced to five to 10 years in prison in addition to being fined.

        （五）造成被强迫卖淫的人重伤、死亡或者其他严重后果的。

有前款所列情形之一，情节特别严重的，处无期徒刑或者死刑，并处没收财产。

协助组织他人卖淫的，处五年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金；情节严重的，处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金。

Article 359. Those harboring prostitution or seducing or introducing others into prostitution are to be sentenced to five years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention or surveillance, in addition to paying a fine. If the case is serious, they are to be sentenced to five years or more in prison in addition to a fine. Those seducing young girls under 14 years of age into prostitution are to be sentenced to five years or more in prison in addition to a fine.

        　　第三百五十九条　【引诱、容留、介绍卖淫罪；引诱幼女卖淫罪】引诱、容留、介绍他人卖淫的，处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制，并处罚金；情节严重的，处五年以上有期徒刑，并处罚金。

引诱不满十四周岁的幼女卖淫的，处五年以上有期徒刑，并处罚金。

Article 360. Those engaging in prostitution or visiting a whorehouse knowing that they are suffering from syphilis, clap, or other serious venereal diseases are to be sentenced to five years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention or surveillance, in addition to having to pay a fine.

Those who visit young girl prostitutes under 14 years of age are to be sentenced to five years or more in prison an addition to paying a fine.

        　　第三百六十条　【传播性病罪；嫖宿幼女罪】明知自己患有梅毒、淋病等严重性病卖淫、嫖娼的，处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制，并处罚金。

嫖宿不满十四周岁的幼女的，处五年以上有期徒刑，并处罚金。

Article 361. Personnel of hotels, restaurants, entertainment industry, taxi companies, and other units who take advantage of their units' position to organize, force, seduce, harbor, or introduce others to prostitution are to be convicted and punished according to articles 358 and 359 of this law.

Main persons in charge of the aforementioned units who commit crimes stipulated in the above paragraph are to be severely punished.

        　　第三百六十一条　【特定单位的人员组织、强迫、引诱、容留、介绍卖淫的处理规定】旅馆业、饮食服务业、文化娱乐业、出租汽车业等单位的人员，利用本单位的条件，组织、强迫、引诱、容留、介绍他人卖淫的，依照本法第三百五十八条、第三百五十九条的规定定罪处罚。

前款所列单位的主要负责人，犯前款罪的，从重处罚。

Article 362. Personnel of hotels, restaurants, entertainment industry, taxi companies, or other units who inform law offenders and criminals while public security personnel are checking prostitution and whorehouse visiting activities, if the case is serious, are to be convicted and punished according to article 310 of this law.

        　　第三百六十二条　【包庇罪】旅馆业、饮食服务业、文化娱乐业、出租汽车业等单位的人员，在公安机关查处卖淫、嫖娼活动时，为违法犯罪分子通风报信，情节严重的，依照本法第三百一十条的规定定罪处罚。

Section 9. The Crime of Producing, Selling, or Disseminating Obscene Materials